631 Determining intra-tumoral heterogeneity and immune escape mechanisms in melanoma using spatial transcriptomics

Intra-patient intra-tumoral immune heterogeneity is evident at progression on targeted therapy and immunotherapy for melanoma

There have been significant advances in the treatment of melanoma via the use of targeted therapy and immunotherapy, however a significant proportion of patients still progress on treatment. Intense research efforts are underway to better understand resistance, and multiple molecular resistance mechanisms to targeted therapy have been identified. There is a growing appreciation of intra-tumoral...

Addressing intra-tumoral heterogeneity and therapy resistance

In the last several years, our appreciation of intra-tumoral heterogeneity has greatly increased due to accumulating evidence for the co-existence of genetically and epigenetically divergent cancer cells residing in different microenvironments within a tumor. Herein, we review recent literature discussing intra-tumoral heterogeneity in the context of therapy resistance mechanisms at the genetic...

The Changes of Angiogenesis and Immune Cell Infiltration in the Intra- and Peri-Tumoral Melanoma Microenvironment

Malignant melanoma (MM) urgently needs identification of new markers with better predictive value than currently-used clinical and histological parameters. Cancer cells stimulate the formation of a specialized tumor microenvironment, which reciprocally affects uncontrolled proliferation and migration. However, this microenvironment is heterogeneous with different sub-compartments defined by the...

Immune escape mechanisms in ALCL.

Mechanisms of immune escape in viral hepatitis.

WHY IMMUNE ESCAPE IS IMPORTANT Knowledge of the molecular virology of the hepatitis viruses and the responses they elicit has emphasised the importance of host immunity in resolving infection and mediating liver damage. Many viruses cause cytolytic infections in which viral replication occurs at the expense of host cell viability. However this is a shortsighted strategy for the virus as it prov...